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Jack Stewart (January 27, 1926 – March 4, 2005) was an American artist. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, he began private art lessons when he was seven. When he was about nine he went to classes at the High Museum of Art. In his early to mid-teens he apprenticed to the sculptor/painter Steffen Thomas. During WWII he served in Patton's Third Army as a combat infantryman, entering combat in the Battle of the Bulge.^[1] After the war he earned a BFA degree at Yale University, where he studied with Josef Albers and Willem de Kooning. He studied architecture at Columbia University and later earned MA and Ph.D. degrees at New York University. In 1976 Stewart married painter and art administrator Regina Serniak Stewart. His first wife and their son are deceased.

Jack Steward was born in Minnesota, USA. He is known for his work on Rock the Park (2014), Off Pitch (2013) and Family Addition with Leigh Anne Tuohy. Steve and Matt Bourie, from the American Casino Guide, discuss 8 things to never do at a blackjack table. They explain why you should never do these eight th.

Stewart moved to New York City in 1949. His first solo painting exhibit was in 1950 at the George Binet Gallery. During the 1950s he showed with Charles Egan, Joseph Grippi, and Richard Waddell. During that time he also founded the Stewart-Marean Gallery and The Stewart Studio, which was established for the design and execution of his commissioned mosaic furnishings and murals. Many of his furniture pieces were featured in Furniture Forum.^[2] He was an accomplished educator, art administrator, and the first to photograph and document the New York City Subwaygraffiti movement, from its beginning, in his definitive work Graffiti Kings: New York City Mass Transit Art of the 1970s.^[3]

Collections and commissions[edit]

Stewart's work is in major private and public collections including: The National Academy Museum, NYC; New-York Historical Society, NY; The Museum of the City of New York, NY; Ogden Museum of Southern Art, New Orleans, LA; New York University, NY; Yale University Art Gallery, CT; Wesleyan College, Macon, GA; Greenville County Museum of Art, Greenville, SC; Columbia Museum, Columbia, SC; Indiana State University, IN; Miami University, FL; the Museum of Southeast Missouri University, MO; Rosemary Berkel & Harry L. Crisp II Museum, Southeast Missouri State University, MO; The Gwinnett Fine Arts Center, Duluth, GA; Jacqueline Casey Hudgens Center for the Arts, Duluth, GA; EMP Museum (Experience Music Project), Seattle, WA; and the Savannah College of Art and Design, GA.

Stewart's mosaic furniture designs were often featured in the books published by Furniture Forum Inc. His work was also featured in the magazine House & Garden and on the cover of the January 1960 issue of House Beautiful. His many commissions for mosaic and ceramic tile murals and stained glass windows included: a 17' x 92' long mosaic on the facade of the Versailles Hotel, Miami Beach, FL; the Hotel Aruba Caribbean, Netherlands, Antilles; eleven mosaics murals for the SS Santa Paula; mosaic murals in Public School 28, NYC, NY, Public Art for Public Schools;^[4] a stained glass window installation for Robin International Corporation of NYC; a 5' x 18' long laminated stained glass wall for Avard Furniture Company, NYC; and in 1988 he was commissioned to create a 4' x 18' mural made of clothing labels, sheepskin, and cotton balls for the Cluett Arrow Shirt Group of New York City.

Exhibitions[edit]

Ogden Museum of Southern Art, New Orleans, LA, 2013, 2009; Fondation Cartier pour l'art Contemporain, Paris, France, 2010; New York Hall of Science, Queens, NY, 2012, 2003; New-York Historical Society, NYC, 2011; Blue Hill Cultural Center, Pearl River, NY, 2011, 2002, 2000,^[5] 1998, 1990;^[6] Art Basel Miami Beach, FL, 2010; National Academy Museum, NYC, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2001, 1999, 1997, 1996,^[7] 1995; Broome Street Gallery, NYC, 2005, 2001, 1992, 1990; UMA Gallery, NYC, January 2004, July 2004; 116 Prince Street, Here Is New York: A Democracy of Photographs (9/11/01), 2001;^[8] The Alternative Museum, NYC, 1999, 1995; Art Students League, NYC, 1998; Silvermine Galleries, CT, 1998; Chiostro del Bramante, exhibit and lecture New York Subway Graffiti, Rome, Italy, 1997; Galeria Tonali, Mexico City, Mexico, 1997; Anita Shapolsky Gallery, NYC, 1997;^[9] Olympia & York Atrium Gallery, NYC, 1996; Bennett Galleries, Knoxville, TN, 1993; Gwinnett Fine Arts Center, Duluth, GA, 1995; 80 Washington Square East Galleries, NYC, 1985; Sheldon Swope Gallery, Terre Haute, IN, 1978; Il Palazzo Grassi, Venice, Italy, 1976; La Scuola di Teodora, Venice, Italy, 1976; Museum Galleries of The Cooper Union, NYC, 1971, 1969, 1964; Woods-Gerry Gallery, Providence, RI, 1976; The American Federation of Arts National Traveling Show, 1965–1966; Grippi & Waddell Gallery, NYC, 1964; Roland De Aenlle Gallery, NYC, 1963; Grippi Gallery, NYC, 1963; Beardsley Gallery, Winsted, CT, 1953; Charles Egan Gallery, NYC, 1952; and the George Binet Gallery, NYC, 1950, among others.

Teaching and writing[edit]

Stewart wrote his definitive book Graffiti Kings^[3] from his Ph.D. thesis Mass Transit Art Subway Graffiti.^[10] He also wrote many articles for other books, magazines, newspapers, and exhibition catalogues including Drawings: Looking into the 21st Century, (Drawings by Jack Stewart) NYC, 2001;^[11]Urban Mythologies: The Bronx Represented Since the 1960s, The Bronx Museum of the Arts, Bronx, NY, 1999; 'M.T.A. – Mass Transit Art,' American Graffiti, 1997;^[12] and 'M.T.A. – Mass Transit Art,' Coming from the Subway: New York Graffiti Art, Groninger Museum, Netherlands, 1992.^[13]

For USA Today, January 1984, Vol.112/No.2464, he and Regina Stewart co-authored 'Richard Meier's The Atheneum at New Harmony,' and they co-authored 'Architectural Excitement in New Harmony,' The Tribune-Star, Terre Haute, IN, 1979. Stewart also wrote about the colossal carving of Chief Crazy Horse, The Tribune-Star, Terre Haute, IN, 1978; articles on drawing and mosaics for the Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia, World Publ. Co., Chicago, IL, 1969; and was technical editor of Modern Mosaic Techniques, Watson-Guptil, NY, 1967.

Stewart was a university teacher and administrator. He taught in New York at the New School, Pratt Institute, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York University, Queens College, and Columbia University Graduate School of Arts. He was chairman of the art departments of The Cooper Union and Indiana State University, and Vice President and Provost of the Rhode Island School of Design. Throughout his career he lectured on art and subway graffiti.

Among his professional affiliations Stewart was a board member, recording secretary, president, and president emeritus of New York Artists Equity Association, Inc.; board member, president, and president emeritus of The National Society of Mural Painters; board member and president of the Fine Arts Federation of New York; and in 1995 was elected an Academician of the National Academy, NYC, NY. In 2010 his papers were donated to the Smithsonian Archives of American Art.

Style and technique[edit]

Stewart wrote, 'I'm doing what most artists have done historically; I've tried to find my own way in my own time. In my youth I was involved with Action Painting. However, I came to realize that was the way of the generation that preceded me and I turned away from it. Modernism is the art of one's time. While teaching in Greece in the early 1960s I became influenced by the post and lintel architecture of the ancients. Their influence persists in my compositions today. [Stewart directed the English-speaking division of the Athens Advanced School of Fine Arts in Mithymna on the island of Lesbos during the summers of 1963 and 1964.]

'How you handle paint is the foundation of painting and I still benefit from my years of working as an Action Painter. Another important aspect of painting is how the surface is in tension with the implied depth. What I'm trying to do is stimulate the visual responses in the viewer from the excitement that occurs in the way I manipulate fields and the tension that the push and pull within the fields create.'^[14]

Though Stewart had a thorough grounding in all aspects of techniques–sculpture, printmaking, watercolors, egg-tempera, oil, ceramic fresco, and mosaics–he adopted acrylics as a preferred medium in the early 1960s and experimented with them in a way that led to a kind of painting that is technically different from anything else. He would draw and/or paint in reverse with pastel, pencil, charcoal, and/or ink on an architectural vellum. The vellum was then applied to a primed canvas with a clear acrylic. When the acrylic dried the vellum was removed giving the new image a unique depth of field.

The pursuit of tension and depth led to another unique medium. Stewart punctured the surface of the canvases and placed concave mirrors behind the openings, or on occasion he painted on a silver leaf surface, leaving the silver exposed to function like a mirror. He said, 'Mirror paintings reconcile my effort to create the sensation of random movement in my paintings. The effect of this was to physically engage the observer with these paintings. As the observer moves, the light from the concave mirrors or silver leaf changes and the whole painting takes on new images and changes of colors that are created by the observer.'^[14]

Black Jack Stewart Arena Seating Chart

In 1985 Stewart was commissioned to paint Anodyne, his interpretation of the human brain. In an article about Anodyne in Il Giornale dell'Arte, artist/art critic Lucio Pozzi wrote: 'What comes out of this, in my opinion, is one of the most monumentally important works of symbolist-precisionist painting of our time.'^[15]

Influences[edit]

Cézanne, Tintoretto, Klimt

Legacy[edit]

Stewart's Ph.D. dissertation Mass Transit Art Subway Graffiti^[10] is the second known study of NYC subway graffiti that was investigated almost entirely from primary sources, the first being Craig Castleman's 1979 Columbia University doctoral dissertation, published in 1982 by MIT Press as Getting Up: Subway Graffiti in New York and in Spain by Capitan Swing as Hacerce Ver. In the fall of 1969 and the spring of 1970 graffiti started to appear on New York subway station walls and inside the cars, and that is when Stewart began to photograph and research this urban phenomenon.

The thesis covers the beginning and the most important years of the movement. The most thoroughly and intensely studied period was the winter of 1972 through the spring of 1973 when Stewart unfailingly photographed every weekend in order to compile and identify the constantly changing, distinguishing characteristics as they were happening. Although he felt that subway graffiti had its golden age in 1973, he did continue photographing on a less vigorous schedule until about 1979.

Stewart noted that unlike the immeasurable quantity of indistinguishable graffiti that preceded it, subway graffiti evolved in clearly traceable sequences. He said, 'This suggests that the programmatic sequential development of concepts by a large number of graffiti writers might be compared to that which would be designated as a school of art, the school of Mass Transit Art.'^[10] During the early years he invited the graffiti writers to meet in his studio where they would all join in to discuss, critique, and embellish their graffiti stories as Stewart showed, slide-by-slide, the images he had taken since the last meeting.

Abrams published the thesis in 2009 under the title Graffiti Kings: New York City Mass Transit Art of the 1970s.^[3] Sasha Frere-Jones wrote in The New Yorker: 'Stewart began documenting graffiti as soon as it started. . . . Graffiti Kings: New York City Mass Transit Art of the 1970s is a reorganization of a dissertation by the late Jack Stewart, a New York artist who photographed the beginnings of New York graffiti and eventually befriended many of the writers. . . . Duncan Bock, editor-in-chief of Melcher Media, the firm that helped bring Graffiti Kings to a popular audience, described Stewart's work: 'Jack understood the intensity, beauty and importance of the tags, why they were on trains, and why it was so hard to do it well. . . . He understood that this formal act was revolutionary and, at that moment, nobody else in the world knew how to do it.'

'Graffiti Kings is the best record of the month-by-month evolution of subway graffiti in the seventies, starting with the red subway cars that were largely retired by the eighties and moving through all the 'firsts' and stylistic phases: tags, outlines, masterpieces, 3-D letters, bubble letters, and the first attempts at what eventually became 'wild style.'^[16]

Stewart's work has been written about, quoted, and reproduced in many publications including: Born in the Streets: Graffiti, Fondation Cartier pour l'art Contemporain, 2009;^[17]Graffitins Historia by Malcolm Jacobson, Sweden, 2011;^[18]365 Graffiti, by Jay 'J.SON' Edlin & Andrew 'Zephyr' Witten, Abrams, 2011;^[19]Art in the Streets, Jeffrey Deitch, et al., Skira Rizzoli/MOCA, 2011;^[20]Graffiti une Histoire en Images by Bernard Fontaine, Eyrolles, Paris, France, 2011;^[21]Classic Hits: New York Pioneering Subway Graffiti Writers by Alan Fleisher & Paul Lovino, Dokument Press, Sweden, 2012.^[22]

In the Smithsonian's Archives of American Art Journal, 'Bohemians, 2010,' Vol. 49, Nos. 3–4, pages 40–49, the New York regional collections specialist Charles H. Duncan referred to Stewart as Graffiti's Vasari.^[23]

References[edit]

1. ^The National World War II Museum, New Orleans, LA, Jack Stewart artwork, writings, and memorabilia, November 2009.
2. ^Furniture Forum, Re: mosaic mural and furniture Vol. 4 no February 1, 1953; Vol. 4 no December 4, 1953; Vol. 6 no 2 Summer 1954; Vol. 5 no 3 Fall 1954; Vol. 6 no 3 Fall 1955; Vol. 7 no 2 Summer 1956; Vol. 8 no 3 Fall 1956; Vol. 12 Annual 1962 (see publisher's notes and illustrated article, pages 8–9); and others.
3. ^ ^abcStewart, Jack. Graffiti Kings: New York Mass Transit Art of the 1970s, Melcher Media/Abrams, 2009. ISBN978-0-8109-7526-2.
4. ^Cohen, Michele. Public Art for Public Schools, The Monacelli Press, 2009. ISBN978-1-58093-215-8.
5. ^Lombardy, Dominick. New York Times Art Review, Blue Hill Cultural Center, January 16, 2000.
6. ^Sheehan, Joe. 'Three Diverse Artists,' The Journal-News, October 12, 1990.
7. ^Cotter, Holland. 'Honing the Cutting Edge of Conservative Styles,' The New York Times, July 26, 1996.
8. ^Here Is New York: A Democracy of Photographs, First Scalo Edition, Germany, 2002. ISBN3-908247-66-7.
9. ^'Jack Stewart > Exhibitions'. artincontext.org.
10. ^ ^abcStewart, Jack. Mass Transit Art Subway Graffiti: An Aesthetic Study of Graffiti on the Subway System of New York City, 1970–1978, U.M.I., Ann Arbor, MI, 1989.
11. ^Drawings: Looking into the 21st Century, NYC, 2001. ISBN0-9707720-0-9
12. ^Stewart, Jack. 'M.T.A. – Mass Transit Art,' American Graffiti, Electa Napoli, 1997, pp. 21 – 31. ISBN88-435-8691-2
13. ^Stewart, Jack. 'M.T.A. – Mass Transit Art of de kunst van het massavervoer,' Coming from the Subway: New York Graffiti Art, Groninger Museum and Benjamin & Partners, Netherlands, 1992. ISBN90-5477-003-1
14. ^ ^abBlue Hill Plaza, Blue Hill Cultural Center, Pearl River, NY, November 18, 1999 press release.
15. ^Pozzi, Lucio. 'What's Happening in America? News from New York,' Il Giornale dell'Arte, N. 134, Giugno, 1995.
16. ^Frere-Jones, Sasha. The New Yorker, 'Graffiti Kings' Book Party at Alphabeta, Greenpoint, Brooklyn, April 10, 2009.
17. ^Born in the Streets: Graffiti, Fondation Cartier pour l'art Contemporain, Paris, 2009. ISBN978-2-86925-086-4.
18. ^Jacobson, Malcolm. Graffitins Historia, publisher LL-forlaget, Sweden, 2011. ISBN978-91-7053-359-4.
19. ^Edlin, Jay 'J.SON' & Andrew 'Zephyr' Witten. 365 Graffiti, Abrams, 2011. ISBN978-0-8109-9744-8.
20. ^Deitch, Jeffrey et al. Art in the Streets, Skira Rizzoli/MOCA, 2011. ISBN978-0-8478-3648-2.
21. ^Fontaine, Bernard. Graffiti une Histoire en Images, Eyrolles, Paris, France, 2011. ISBN978-2-212-13258-8.
22. ^Fleisher, Alan & Paul Lovino. Classic Hits: New York Pioneering Subway Graffiti Writers, Dokument Press, Sweden, 2012. ISBN978-91-85639-50-2.
23. ^Duncan, Charles H. 'Graffiti's Vasari: Jack Stewart and Mass Transit Art,' Smithsonian Archives of American Art Journal, Vol. 49 Numbers 3–4, 2010, pp. 40 – 49.

External links[edit]

• Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Jack Stewart papers, 1926-2015

Rejoice, MMA fans. Cage Warriors 113 will go ahead this Friday, March 20, at the Manchester BEC Arena in the UK.

The event was scheduled for the London Indigo at the O2, only for the venue to shut down for the foreseeable future. And while the fights will now go down in Manchester, you probably won’t be surprised at all to learn that they will be fought behind closed doors.

But at least we have some fights to look forward to. And those betting on Cage Warriors 113 will have some wagering opportunities to keep them going over the weekend.

As for the fights. Well, things have chopped and changed, with some competitors dropping out due to issues around travel restrictions related to the coronavirus outbreak.

As such, this card is now headlined by Darren Stewart vs. Bartosz Fabinski, who were slated to fight at this weekend’s UFC Fight Night 171 in London.

Ahead of Saturday night’s action, I’ll be looking at the best Cage Warriors 113 bets and odds, as well as giving you my opinion on who will win on the night. All odds are taken from the Betway sportsbook.

Let’s get into my Cage Warriors 113 predictions and best bets.

The fight that should have gone down on this weekend’s scrapped UFC London card now headlines Cage Warriors 113. Darren Stewart vs. Bartosz Fabinski is your headline bout, and I think it could be an interesting one to bet on.

Stewart comes into this one with a record of 11-4, having won four from his last five. Interestingly enough, he was the first fighter to beat Daniel Cormier prodigy Deron Winn in the paid ranks in October.

Stewart is known for being an all-action, heavy hitter, and I think he will be looking to put a big show on for fans in Manchester on Friday. What more would you expect from a guy who calls himself “The Dentist”?

Doing the job on Fabinski in his homeland would make Stewart a happy man.

But don’t expect Fabinski to just roll over. Sure, he is a last-minute replacement on the card — replacing Marvin Vettori, who was first slated to fight Stewart at the UFC London event — but he is a tough mixed martial artist.

Fabinski’s last appearance inside the cage was a submission loss to Michel Prazeres in November 2018 at UFC Fight Night 140. But before that, he won seven fights on the bounce.

Stewart will be too sharp for him, however.

You can read more about this fight in my Stewart vs. Fabinski betting preview.

Jones to Beat McColgan by Decision

Belfast boy Joe McColgan will be hoping to follow in fellow Irishman Conor McGregor’s footsteps as he eyes the Cage Warriors lightweight strap in Manchester this weekend.

McColgan takes on the unbeaten Welsh prospect Mason Jones for the title vacated by Jai Herbert when he signed for the UFC in January.

What an opportunity it is for McColgan to show what he can do. Losses to Herbert and Arnold Quero aside, the SBG fighter has looked solid in the promotion, but this is arguably the biggest test of his career.

Jones is 8-0 as a pro and is one of the most promising young talents to emerge from a burgeoning Welsh MMA scene.

This will be a great fight to watch, and while I expect McColgan to take the fight to Jones, the Welshman should take it on the scorecards.

Bear to Beat Jones by Submission

France’s David Bear makes his Cage Warriors debut against veteran Nathan Jones in Manchester.

Bear comes into this fight off the back of a first-round knockout victory over Pawel Kielek and enters the contest as the favorite on the night.

Although a solid talent, Bear has not yet proven himself on the highest stage. So it will be interesting to see how he deals with Jones.

The Englishman is 2-0 in his last two but lost four on the bounce before then.

Both guys have very strong submission games, but I’m leaning towards Bear for the win, by sub, on the night.

Black Jack Stewart Arena Pilot Mound

Pimblett to Beat Dalton by Submission

Former Cage Warriors champion Paddy Pimblett was tipped for big things on the bigger stage of MMA but has turned down three offers to sign for the UFC.

On Friday, he faces Ireland’s Decky Dalton in a fight that should be one of the most exciting clashes of the evening.

Dalton is riding a four-fight winning streak into the cage, with three of those wins coming by way of submission.

Pimblett is still one of the best featherweights in Europe, and I think he has too much for Dalton. The Englishman will win this one by submission.

Aimable to Beat Goodwin by KO/TKO

Steve Aimable pushed Cage Warriors featherweight king Mads Burnell to the cards in December in a bout that would have been for the title had he not missed weight.

Aimable will now be looking to work himself back into contention for a title shot by beating Perry Goodwin on Friday.

Goodwin is 2-3 in his last five and will be facing an uphill task against Aimable.

I see this one ending in a stoppage for Aimable.

More Cage Warriors 113 Predictions

There are another six fights to look forward to on the night. Here are my winners’ predictions for each one.

• O’Gorman (+100) to Beat Hignett (-125)
• Amarasinghe (-334) to Beat Bond (+250)
• Richardson (-125) to Beat Bonner (+100)
• Hendin (-350) to Beat Edwards (+275)
• Stephen (-250) to Beat Collins (+200)
• Monarch (-150) to Beat Crawford (+137)

• Darren Stewart to Beat Bartosz Fabinski (-225)
• Steve Aimable to Beat Perry Goodwin (-163)
• Darren O’Gorman to Beat Coner Hignett (+100)

If you can find odds on Darren Stewart to beat Bartosz Fabinski by way of KO/TKO, I would suggest taking them.

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But as the latest Cage Warriors 113 prop bets are not available yet, you might have to wait a little closer to fight night to see what they are. With the action set to go down on Friday, this shouldn’t be too much longer.

If you fancy Stewart just to win, you can get odds of -225 on him having his arm raised at the end of the fight.

Steve Aimable’s odds to beat Perry Goodwin are -163, and I’m happy enough with these. Aimable should have too much on the night for his fellow Englishman. The former featherweight title challenger looks solid.

Black Jack Stewart Arena Box Office

And finally, get on Darren O’Gorman to beat Coner Hignett at +100. O’Gorman is a slight underdog, but I think he takes this one on the cards.

Sports might be absolutely devastated by the coronavirus outbreak, but at least we have Cage Warriors 113 to look forward to.

Black Jack Stewart Arena Concert

This card should be full of action, even if it will be a little strange watching these guys go at it in front of an empty arena.

You can get your bets on through our recommended MMA betting sites. Keep your eyes peeled for any prop bets that might be released.

Black Jack Stewart Arena

But most of all, enjoy the fights!